As the urgency to reduce carbon emissions intensifies, the façade plays a decisive role in addressing this environmental challenge, acting as the primary interface between external climatic conditions and internal comfort while significantly influencing energy consumption. Consequently, the development of sustainable façade systems has become a central concern within contemporary architectural research. In nature, living organisms evolve by mutating genetic material and activating or deactivating specific sequences in response to changing environments. Although biological systems operate at a high level of complexity, they originate from simple combinations of four nitrogenous bases. These evolutionary processes offer valuable potential for rethinking façade design as an adaptive and responsive system. Similarly, architectural façades may achieve complex environmental performance through a limited set of controllable factors that respond dynamically to external conditions. This research establishes a relationship between biology, computational design and sustainable façade systems, proposing an evolutionary design framework informed by the central dogma of molecular biology. By translating biological principles into computational processes, the study aims to develop a distinct façade design strategy capable of adapting to environmental variation through controlled, rule-based transformations.

Kyuseung Kyoung is a doctoral candidate at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London. Prior to his doctoral studies, he worked as an architect at UNStudio in Amsterdam. He graduated with distinction from the Bartlett School of Architecture (UCL), where he completed the MArch in Urban Design in 2020. His work focuses on computational design, with particular expertise in genetic algorithms, sustainable design and façade systems.